Before the morning rolls in Sunrise, I wrote short New paper This opens a new window to restrict the nature of the dark matter based on data from the Observatory of the Grand Coast. But my feeling of intellectual relief was short -lived, as I received a group of 10 questions about the search for life outside the ground. The e -mail request came from a clerk of employees of the largest and most popular South Korea newspaper, with 1.5 million national readers and up to 20 million international readers in its daily circulation. Below are the answers that I provided to each question:
1. How much is the possibility of a life outside the Earth – either within our solar system or in other stars systems? While the possibility of smart life remains, I imagine that microbial life is more likely.
In fact, the microbial life is likely to be anywhere in which warm liquid water is found with the appropriate nutrients. This can be carried in the water environments under the ice surface of satellites or comets. In this case, the microbes are more prevalent than the Earth’s planets in the area suitable for the stars. The complex life, which leads to intelligence animals that ultimately develop artificial intelligence (AI), should be rare of microwave because it requires more conditions, for example-a atmosphere at ground facades where complex organisms flourish.
However, the discovery of technological signatures may be much easier than the molecular fingerprints of microbes in the EXO-Planet atmosphere. The examples that you discussed in the papers over the past decade include industrial pollution of the atmosphere of the outer planets, the city’s light on the surfaces of the outer planets, or technological artifacts between the stars near the Earth-which include either operating devices or space garbage.
In an interview with him recently, I was asked whether I believed that the solar system had visited him as a 4.6 billion -year -old artifacts throughout its history. I said I think that based on the presence of billions of Earth -un counterparts and the fact that we have already launched 5 investigations from the solar system during the last century.
The interview was surprised by hearing that my current scientific research in the Galileo project is driven by belief. She has made it clear that what determines scientists is not the belief that stimulates their research, but rather their commitment to the scientific way that tests their hypothesis experimentally. New scientific knowledge depends on evidence, and in order to achieve discoveries, we must be driven by unconfirmed beliefs. The interview continued to ask: “But what if the motivational belief is wrong?” What I answered: “It is a profitable situation for both sides, because we are learning something new in this process.”
2. Given the expansion of the universe, is it not physically impossible to communicate with a strange civilization using the current spacecraft technology?
This is the wrong concept. It will take about a billion years of spacecraft to reach the other side of the Milky Way disk relative to the sun. Most of the stars in the Milky Way disk formed billions of years before the sun. Any running engineers like our watch that started their technological watch billions of years ago before their star was born before the sun, had enough time to reach us now.
Planaria is ground animals that refresh the organs when they are damaged or cut from their bodies, and therefore they can live forever if they are fed. Cooricia outside the planet is perfect foreign astronauts that can survive us over the course of the travel period, as long as the spacecraft protects them and provides the nutrients they need.
Once we can repeat the Plaanaria repair system for smart creatures, we may send our immortal passengers to space between the stars.
3. Will life already benefit us – especially smart life -? Or can it pose a threat to humanity?
Discovering intelligence outside the planet will change the future of humanity for the better. If we discover knowledge outside the planet in the sciences or techniques that we do not possess, this may lead to a quantitative leap in our capabilities. This may have a significant impact on our space exploration, as well as our commercial and military sectors.
But more importantly, the discovery of technological miracles may inspire a feeling of religious awe that resembles the ones that Moses Al -Tarati felt when he saw the burning bush that has never been consumed. The awareness that there are brothers in our family from smart civilizations will enable them instead of reducing the idea of ​​God, because God must be able to care for multiple civilizations. The meeting with smart entities would allow us to solve puzzles, such as: What happened before the big explosion? What is the dark matter and dark energy? What is inside a black hole? What are the lessons that we can learn from the history of smart civilizations that were present in the distant past or are still present in our cosmic life?
4. What are the types of results that you expect from missions that explore Europe, Insyllados, Mars or Titan?
My expectations are that future tasks will find evidence of the primitive life in the ocean under the surface ice in Europe and Encyladus, as well as evidence of more complicated forms of life on Mars before losing its atmosphere and became desert in the second half of its history. I am particularly curious to see if smart life appeared on Mars twice as soon as it was on Earth. In this case, we may find murals in underground caves on Mars, which can be explored by creativity -like helicopters with video feeding.
5. Can we discover life outside the planet through radio signals from space? The public interest has recently grown with science fiction adaptation, such as the three body problem.
Radical signals are relatively easy to transport and discover. The signals we produced can be discovered with our strongest anti -Pallisy radars for defense after World War II, through the current radio telescopes to a hundred -year -old light -year distances. This means that technological civilization, such as our incitement, can discover us from that distance.
However, only about a million Milky Way stars reside at that distance, so we are unlikely to hear a response any time soon. Even if it is very present and decided to visit us, it will take a spacecraft like Voyageer about a million years to get to us from that distance. At the present time, their silence is concept.
6. With artificial intelligence now you are able to process huge amounts of information, what role can you play in helping us to discover or even communicate with strange civilizations?
Our artificial intelligence is especially effective in analyzing large data collections. This may be useful if we discover radio signals that must be decoded, but they can also be used to determine the rare things of technological origin outside the planet between many natural rocks that we find near Earth. Inside the Galileo project, we use artificial intelligence to search for extremist values ​​among the millions of things we discover in the sky from our Observatory at Harvard University.
7. I understand that you have published a search for ʻmuamua, a unique being among the stars that passed through our solar system. Was the possibility now a kind of spacecraft between the stars is now excluded?
Unfortunately, astronomers have obtained limited data on the abnormal cases of ‘OMUAMUA that do not reveal its true nature. It was recognized as an object between stars that depend on high speed for the sun. But it seems to have a severe shape, most likely flat and about a hundred meters, based on a reflection of the sun.
In addition, it was pushed away from the sun with a mysterious non -commercial power, without showing any evidence of comic evaporation. This prompted me to point out that its irrational acceleration results from its high surface area for each unit. A similar behavior was discovered by the other 2020-SO object, which was determined as a rocket enhancement of the 1966 launch by NASA. We know that 2020-SO was originally technological because NASA produced it. The question is who produced `oumuamua?
Starting in two months, the Robin Observatory in Chile can discover more family members from `oumuamua every few months. I am looking to get more data about it, also thanks to the WEBB telescope that was not available when ionuamua was discovered. As a scientist, I would like to eat a flood of data because my colleagues will not be allowed to fluctuate abnormal cases under the carpet.
It is surprising to me to witness some scholars with anti -science feelings. They want to adhere to dear beliefs even in the face of abnormal situations that contradict them. This is not surprising that the Vatican admitted only in 1992 that Galileo was right, 350 years after his death and two decades of human being reached the moon.
8. Astronomers have noticed external planets at perfect distances from their stars that may provide Earth -like conditions in terms of temperature and air. Do you think that these “twins” of the earth may harbor life?
It is possible that any of the external planets that have a warm atmosphere and liquid water on its surface is as if it is defined. The reason is simple. The last joint global ancestor (Luka) was composed of the recently rooted land life 4.2 billion years ago, after only a few hundred years of forming the earth and a short period of cooling the Earth to temperatures suitable for the chemistry of life in liquid water. The appearance of life was quickly, which means that there are no great obstacles to life if the conditions necessary for warm liquid water and nutrients were met.
9. Is it possible for life to follow outside the planet Earth similar to our mechanisms – or can they be present on the basis of completely different scientific principles?
There may be other paths of life-like us do not know. For example, Titan is a satellite of Saturn with liquid oceans, rivers, methane lakes and ethane on its surface. I would like to go to hunting there and verify whether Titan has led to a completely different biological chemistry from the one that we find in liquid water on the ground.
10. The search for life outside the planet is often associated with science fiction, supernatural or marginal theories. What, in your opinion, is clearly distinguished by astronomy and scientific research from strange life as a legal scientific effort?
We know that we are on the ground and we know that similar environments have appeared around billions of stars in the Milky Way galaxy a long time before existence. It is arrogant to think we are unique. It is a logical issue to assume that we have smart brothers on external planets and in space. It is the commitment of astronomers to find them.
In an interview a few days ago, I was asked if I was looking for foreigners just to get the Nobel Prize. I replied: “Not at all. I am prepared for it that if I discover intelligence outside the ground, I will refuse to invite the Nobel Committee to visit Stockholm, just as Bob Dylan and Jean -Paul Sartre did.
