In a new paper, published in Physical Review D, I suggest an amazing alternative. Our accounts indicate that the big explosion was not the beginning of everything, but rather the results of gravity or collapse that formed a very huge black hole – followed by it.
This idea, which we call The Black Hole Universe, presents a radical different vision of cosmic origins, however it is fully concentrated in the known physics and notes.
The standard cosmic model today, based on the large and cosmic inflation (the idea that the early universe has exploded quickly in size), has succeeded significantly in explaining the structure and development of the universe. But it comes at a price: it leaves some of the most basic questions without answering.
On the one hand, the large explosion model begins alone – a point of infinite density, as the laws of physics collapse. This is not just a technical defect. It is a deep theoretical problem indicating that we do not really understand the beginning at all.
To extensively explain the universe structure, physicists have introduced a short stage of rapid expansion in the early universe called cosmic inflation, supported by an unknown field with strange properties. Later, to explain the accelerated expansion today, they added another “mysterious” component: dark energy.
In short, the standard of cosmology works well – but only by introducing new ingredients that we have not noticed directly. At the same time, the basic questions remain open: Where did everything come from? Why did you start this way?
New model
Our new model addresses these questions from a different angle – by looking inside instead of the outside. Instead of starting to be expanded and trying to track how it started, we consider what happens when a very dense group of materials collapses under gravity.
This is a familiar process: the stars collapse into black holes, which are among the most good things in physics. But what happens inside a black hole, outside the horizon of the event from which nothing can escape, is still a mystery.
In 1965, British physicist Roger Pinrose proved that under very general circumstances, gravitational collapse should lead to uniqueness. This result, which is spurs by the late British physicist Stephen Hawking and others, supports the idea that uniqueness – like that in Big Bang – is inevitable.
The idea helped to win Balrouz over a share of the Nobel 2020 in physics and inspired the best -selling books at Hawking Hawking a brief history of time: from Big Bang to HOLES Black. But there is a warning.
“These theories of uniqueness” depend on “classic physics” that describe regular ordinary things. If we include the effects of quantum mechanics, which govern small miniatures of atoms and molecules, as well as in intense density, the story may change.
In our new paper, we appear that the collapse of gravity should not end alone. We find an accurate analytical solution – a sports result without approximately. Our mathematics shows that with our approaching possible uniqueness, the size of the universe changes as a (excess) function of cosmic time.
This simple sports solution describes how the collapsed cloud of the material can reach a high -density state and then bounce, which leads to a recovery out to the outside of a new expansion stage.
But how do Narose theories prevent such results? The whole matter is due to a rule called the principle of quantum exclusion, which states that it cannot occupy any identical particles known as Fermions the same quantum condition (such as angular momentum, or “rotation”).
We explain that this rule prevents molecules in the collapsed issue from pressure indefinitely. As a result, the collapse stops and reflects. The apostasy is not only possible – it is inevitable under the appropriate circumstances.
It is important, this apostasy occurs completely within the framework of general relativity, which applies to large ranges such as stars and galaxies, as well as the basic principles of quantum mechanics – there are no strange fields or additional dimensions or required speculation physics.
What appears on the other side of the apostasy is a significantly similar world. The most surprising thing is that the recovery naturally produces the two separate phases of accelerated expansion – inflation and dark energy – do not move it in virtual fields but by the physics of apostasy itself.
Test predictions
One of the strengths in this model is that it makes testable predictions. It expects a small but not zero amount of positive spatial curvature-which means that the universe is not completely flat, but it is slightly curved, like the surface of the earth.
This is simply the remains of the primary small density that sparked collapse. If future notes, such as the constant arrest task, are confirmed by a small positive curvature, it will be a strong hint that our world has already come out of such a bounce. It also provides predictions about the expansion rate in the current universe, which has already been verified.
This model does more than reforming technical problems with standard cosmology. It can also shed light on other deep puzzles in our understanding of the early universe – such as the origin of the super black holes, the nature of the dark matter, the hierarchical composition and the development of galaxies.
These questions will be explored by future space missions such as Arrakihs, which will study widespread features such as stellar auras (a spherical structure of stars, spherical groups surrounding galaxies) and satellite galaxies (smaller galaxies around them larger) that are difficult to discover with traditional telescopes from Earth and help us understand dark galaxies.
These phenomena may also be associated with compressed things – such as black holes – which were formed during the collapsed and surviving stage.
The black hole world also provides a new perspective in our place in the universe. In this context, our full world that can be observed within the interior of the black hole that was formed in the world of the greatest “father”.
We are not unique, no more than the Earth in the geological view of the world that led Galileo (astronomer who suggested that the Earth revolves around the sun in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries) to place it at home.
We do not witness the birth of everything from nothing, but instead of continuing a cosmic cycle – it is formed from gravity, quantum mechanics, and deep interdependence between them.
Enrique Gazzataga, a professor at the Institute of Coyce and Attraction (Portsmouth University), University of Portsmouth
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